Encyclopedia

What Are Asylum Morality Police?

Asylum Morality Police
Courtesy of T R A V E L E R G E E K
Asylum Morality Police can be defined as a vigilante group of international protection applicants who tacitly reconstitute a religious landscape of Sharīaʿ code through innuendo and cultural opprobrium in Direct Provision, so as to create a hostile environment towards gender nonconforming and transgender international protection applicants.
Used in a sentence: The fear of becoming the target of morality policing in Direct Provision may induce others to shield themselves against the asylum morality police’sthreats, and to engage in self-protecting behaviour and attributions.
While many of the Asylum Morality Police comprise of Pakistani, Afghani, and Syrian immigrants, they are known to seek out conformist and passive followers from other ethnicities to either discharge difficult phases of their machination, or to collect information about their victims.

Who are the Victims of  Morality Policing?

The victims of the Asylum Morality Police are usually gender non-conforming individuals (e.g., transgender persons), women, children, and outcasts. Outcasts are especially vulnerable because they are alone and are less likely to be believed in a conformist society.

What are Behaviours of the Asylum Morality Police?

In many European countries, morality police roam the streets looking for violators. They compel women to submit to arbitrary and humiliating searches, ‘‘virginity checks,’’ and harass members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community. While violators are beaten or even stoned to death in Islam, the behaviours of the Asylum Morality Police in Europe, specifically in the Republic of Ireland, are more covert and consist of:

  • Character assassinations;
  • Rumours;
  • Sexual harassment (which may lead to sexual assault);
  • Isolation of the Victim;
  • Hacking and Doxxing;
  • Undermining the victim’s support structures;
  • Using sensitive information about the target to exact social control and to push those they dislike outside the community;
  • Manipulation in effort to extort (as mentioned, the Asylum Morality Police are good at exposing sensitive details about asylum seekers and other people which may include their past mistakes or confidential information within their asylum profiles, so as to seek compliance or coerce).

It is worth mentioning that the Asylum Morality Police are very envious of other people’s ability to march to their own drum, climaxing upon a point of hostility. When another person enjoys a relative advantage in an important domain of life, a blend of negative feelings characteristic of envy often naturally follows (Psychology, n.d.)(2). The Asylum Morality Police’s envy breeds a competitive desire to outdo and even bring the envied person down. See also Hisba by Pressure.

To find out more about asylum morality policing in the Republic of Ireland, please read Out of the Miqlaatun Into the Fire: The Shariazation of Ireland’s Direct Provision Institution and its Impact on Transgender Asylum Seekers below.

What Does Transmisogynoir Mean?

What does transmisogynoir mean?
Courtesy of Quianna Canada

What Does Transmisogynoir Mean? The A-Z of Gender and Sexuality: From Ace to Ze dictionary defines transmisogynoir as intersecting oppression faced by Black transgender women of color and transfeminine people. 

Black trans women and trans feminine people are subject to extreme structural violence and discrimination on the basis of their race and their genders. They are more likely to be: street harassed, fetishized, hyper-sexualized or de-sexualized. Additionally, they are denied access to employment, housing and healthcare; stopped and harassed by police; physically assaulted; sexually assaulted; and murdered.

Transmisogynoir affected (“TMA”) people of color, and especially Black trans women and other Black assigned male at birth trans people, are among the most vulnerable in the queer community; yet their oppression also plays out among queers. The term transmisogynoir is a combination of “misogynoir” (coined by queer Black feminist Moya Bailey) and “transmisogyny” (coined by transfeminist Julia Serano). 

 

Reference

Edward, H. M. L. (2019). The A-Z of gender and sexuality: From ace to ze. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

What is Institutional Racism?

What is Institutional Racism?
Courtesy of Markus Spiske

What is Institutional Racism? When a practice or policy results in discrimination against specific racial groups, it is called institutional racism. Discrimination refers to unequal or unfair treatment. It is conscious discrimination when biased individuals create policies and practices intended to achieve racist outcomes. It can also be independent of whether or not the person administering the practice or policy has any racial bias. An individual can be relatively free of bias, have no intent to harm, and even be supportive of the access and success of everyone while taking racially biased action directed by the institution. Institutional racism can also be the byproduct of policies and practices with other intentions or nonracist purposes.

Institutional Racism & Criminal Justice

Although the same laws apply theoretically to everyone, how they are applied results in differential incarceration rates across racial groups. Many judicial processes exude institutional racism against people of color. One explicit example is that Whites are far less likely to be convicted of crimes against people of color than the opposite. Recent statistics show higher frequencies of traffic stops, on-the-street stopping and frisking, prosecution for nonviolent crimes, incarceration, and longer sentences. Even when the statistics are adjusted for education and income, disparate treatment is evident. While less than one third of the American population is made up of African Americans and Latinos, more than two thirds of the prison population is composed of those two groups. The differences above are too large to be accounted for by inherent criminality.

 

Preferred Citation: Hayles, R. (2015). Institutional Racism. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Intercultural Competence. SAGE Publications, Inc. Thousand Oaks. pp. 716-720.

What is the Definition of Coercive Repatriation?

What is the Definition of Coercive Repatriation?

What is the Definition of Coercive Repatriation?
Courtesy of Andrew Thornebrooke

Definition of Coercive Repatriation

Coercive repatriation (interchangeably coerced repatriation), also known as forced deportation, is defined as a controversial practice that involves the removal of individuals from a country against their will. This often occurs irrespective of whether an individual has violated immigration laws, overstayed their visa or is considered a threat to national security. While some argue that coercive repatriation is necessary to maintain order and protect national interests, human rights advocates view it as a violation of human rights.

Can a Host Country Coercively Repatriate an Individual Where Their Life or Freedom Would Be Threatened?

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Handbook on Voluntary Repatriation, the host country of asylum is bound by the fundamental principle of non-refoulement and must not to return refugees in any manner whatsoever to territories, or to the frontiers of territories, where their life or freedom would be threatened. The country of asylum is obliged to continue to treat refugees according to internationally accepted standards as long as they are on its territory.

Is Coercive Repatriation Cruel and Degrading Treatment?

One of the primary concerns surrounding coerced repatriation is the potential for abuse and mistreatment of individuals being deported. Many individuals who are forcibly removed from a country are not given an adequate opportunity to challenge their removal, and may be subjected to inhumane treatment during their deportation process. In some cases, individuals are handcuffed or physically restrained, forced onto airplanes or other forms of transportation, and may be subjected to cruel and degrading treatment.

Authorities who Repatriate are Duty-bound to Make Sure That Such People Will be Guaranteed a Secure and Free Existence

According to the Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential, asylum-seekers must be treated as refugees when they have a well-founded fear of persecution upon return. No person should be sent back to a country where they fear discriminatory action or serious life-threatening situations. In cases where the competent government authorities decide not to accept asylum seekers, arguing that they are not true refugees, these authorities are duty-bound to make sure that such people will be guaranteed a secure and free existence elsewhere.

What is the Impact of Coerced  Repatriation?

Another concern is the impact that forced deportation can have on individuals. Often, individuals who are being forcibly removed have established lives and families in the country they are being deported from. Their forcible removal can lead to the separation from school, friends, and communities. While some States argue coercive repatriation is necessary to maintain order and protect national security, human rights advocates argue that it is a violation of basic human rights. There are alternative approaches to addressing issues related to immigration, such as implementing fair and just immigration policies and providing legal avenues for individuals to challenge their removal.

In conclusion, coercive repatriation is a controversial practice that involves the forced deportation of individuals from a country against their will. Despite some arguments that it is necessary to maintain order and protect national interests, many view it as a violation of basic human rights. As the number of individuals being forcibly removed continues to increase, it is important for policymakers to consider alternative approaches to addressing issues related to immigration.

 

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